Buying For College Essay Question Tell Us about a Peer Who Has Made a Difference I

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The Definitive Solution for Editing Papers Business in College You Can Find Out About Today

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Stereotypes in the Classroom Free Essays

â€Å"If Americans are to grasp assorted variety, the cognizant and oblivious articulations of prejudice (sexism) inside our general public must be recognized and discarded. † Teachers must get ready themselves and the youngsters for the consistently changing test of cooperating and speaking with assorted races. Decrease of dread, obliviousness, and individual separation are potential advantages to multicultural instruction ( (Wilson). We will compose a custom article test on Generalizations in the Classroom or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Multicultural instruction is the potential impetus to unite all races in congruity. Teachers today have an ethical duty to move past the restrictions of racial setting to a social setting that grasps humankind without boundaries and dread. The obligation of educators is to become more acquainted with the kids and the families that will enter the program. Study halls need to mirror each kid and each family in the class. Try not to make suspicions of what a child’s ethnic foundation is. This is putting a generalization with regards to what you think about that culture. Become more acquainted with the kids so you can consciously and precisely reflect them, their families and their ways of life in the homeroom ( (York, 2003). Kids should feel like they have a place in the class. Instructors need to ensure that they welcome every kid by name as they enter the homeroom toward the start of the day and to bid farewell by the day's end. Educators need to make sure to avoid business instructing materials. Animation envisions incorrectly depict people and human decent variety (York, 2003). Multicultural children’s books can be utilized viably as a methods for coming to comprehend singular human stories, and the all inclusive feelings and topics they contain. Educators should be cautious when picking books to use in the study hall. A book may look great when you first glance at it yet it might contain at least one stereotypic pictures. Educators should be basic in assessing books that they need to use in the study hall. Ensure that writers are composing fiction for little youngsters that confirm a culture’s legacy. Step by step instructions to refer to Stereotypes in the Classroom, Essay models

GRE Essay Topics by Subject

<h1>GRE Essay Topics by Subject</h1><p>In picking the best GRE article themes, you should pick those that permit you to talk about various subjects. You can utilize these subjects recorded as a hard copy an exceptionally fascinating and valuable rundown of your theme. Here are a few thoughts for utilizing point decisions for your GRE essay.</p><p></p><p>Using your theme as the focal point of your article will permit you to consolidate more subjects. Topics should you spread as much as possible. You will have the option to concentrate on a few points in a similar exposition. This will assist with making your paper all the more fascinating and more creative.</p><p></p><p>To start, attempt to utilize more than one subject that identifies with one another. This will give your paper more profundity and significance. Each subject will have its own points of interest and disadvantages.</p><p></p><p>The next thing you have to do is to utilize the offered themes to begin building up a framework. You will need to take the various points and transform them into a framework for your article. The utilization of a subject layout will assist you with building up your influential essay.</p><p></p><p>To help you with building up a diagram for your GRE exposition themes, you have to begin by considering how you will compose your thoughts. The most ideal approach to sort out themes is to record the primary concerns first. You will at that point need to decide how much time you should spend on every primary point.</p><p></p><p>When it comes to composing GRE paper themes by subject, you have to consider how the data you spread in your article will identify with your picked theme. A few points may include building and innovation, yet may not include political theory or human science. You should discover themes that can utilize these related topics .</p><p></p><p>You will likewise should be cautious about the points you pick. Recollect that you should utilize the point that has the most effect on your particular objective. While it is imperative to utilize points that identify with your ideal region of study, you would prefer not to pick themes that don't identify with what you are attempting to achieve.</p><p></p><p>GRE paper subjects by subject ought to be exceptionally intriguing and should concentrate on a specific subject. These subjects ought to be inquired about completely and secured well. By setting up a decent point plot, and by utilizing related subjects, you will have the option to make the most of your exposition and accomplish high scores. Whenever you compose a paper, ensure you incorporate points by subject to assist you with expanding your capacity to increase extra marks.</p>

Truth in Media Essays - 2591 Words

Truth in Media by Jackie Washbish Liberty University Abstract: The omnipresence of pornography in today’s society has increased extramentally over the past few decades. What is available over the internet is remarkably unrestricted and available to anyone who looks for it. This paper will cover how and what the messages on sexuality that are being conveyed to today’s society, Open sexualities vs. purity Which is better is an article written by Michael in 2012 regarding finding the truth about how our society views sexuality in the past and currently. He discusses how we Americans have evolved from a society of purity to complete sexual freedom to what is described as a loose society today. He questions the thought process of†¦show more content†¦The article goes into detail regaurding the satistical information across countries and within America as well. The article continues to outline the difficulties in correcting such a problem due to the fact that no campaign against teen pregnancy would even effect the overwhelming nature of the lack of options for the lower classes. The lack of options creates a kind of circular motion that seems to offer hope of a better life but doesnt. Extramarital affairs The Truth About Why Men Cheat an article written by M. Gary Neuman for Redbook magazine in 2012, informs readers of why men cheat. The article goes over the reason a man cheats is not for sex. Men according to the ones serveyed cheat do to emotional dissatisfaction rather than sexual dissatisfaction. The article the goes into how to create an atmosphere of mutual reward and respect. Men have trouble asking for pats on the back but need encouragement just as much as women. If we set the stage for a give give relationship we have a better chance at staying faithful. Homosexuality Understanding females sexual fluidity is an article written by Ian Kerner, for the New York Times on February 9th, 2012 discusses an interview with a famous actress and how a slip of the tounge can revel much. The actress said that being a lesbian was a choices she made not somethingShow MoreRelatedTRUTH AND HONESTY IN THE MEDIA3414 Words   |  14 PagesTruth and Honesty in the Media In a world surrounded by mass media, we depend on truthful and honest information to form accurate conceptions of current events and issues. Journalists, editors, producers and broadcasters should do their best to convey information that reflects the truth. Truth and the publics right to information should be the basic foundation for all journalists. One reason for the importance of truth in the media is that it demonstrates a respect for people as ends rather thanRead MoreEssay The Truth in the Media600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Truth in the Media When most individuals pick up a newspaper, or magazine, or any other form of well-noted journalism, they expect that it will be truthful. By that, I mean that the consumer anticipates receiving factual documentations. That ideal has been well expressed, however, since the beginning, journalists have added their more than objective points of views. For journalists, it has become harder and harder to keep their opinions to themselves. The hotter the topics, that theyRead MoreThe Truth On Mass Media2260 Words   |  10 PagesThe Truth on Mass Media Mass media affects large numbers of people within a society daily. Such as television, movies, internet, radios, newspapers, magazines and the list seriously goes on. In my perspective this topic is incredibly important because mass media is a source in which many different types of technologies are meant to reach large audiences through communications. It also plays a strong role in society and culture because it is the main channel in which people communicate with eachRead MoreTruth in media Essay2752 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿ The Corruption of the Youth today in magazines Kathy L. Short PSYCH 309-B October 3, 2014 Georgianna Corsini Abstract The consensus of today’s world is a world of sex. Yet, magazines consensus for the teens of today see that body image in magazines is how a female should look. With magazines that portray young, thin, models are causing the young girls to mutilate themselves by starving to be thin. As this paper shows that the majority of teen magazines have hidden pitfalls. WhenRead MoreThe Truth Initiative : Digital Media And Society1593 Words   |  7 Pages The Truth Initiative CMST301: Digital Media and Society By: Laudy Oliveros 6/19/2016 â€Æ' Introduction Smoking is something very common in today’s society. The majority of people had acquired the habit of smoking from relatives, close friends, or just to fit in with the group. We can see it in our work place, household, or community now even more often. Moreover, peer pressure and the need of trying something new usually attracts people to start smoking or just try it to be â€Å"cool.† As anRead MoreMedia Bias And Stereotypes : A Long Way Of Justify The Truth1534 Words   |  7 PagesMedia Bias and Stereotypes: a long way to justify the truth In the twenty-first century, China accomplishes great achievements in its economy, technology and diplomacy. As it becomes a country that has the fastest increasing rate in economy, masters spacecraft-building technics, and actively participates in International meetings and competitions, it draws the foreign media’s attention on exploring the country itself and presenting how its society and people are to their people who may not know muchRead MoreThe Ugly Truth: An Examination of Stereotypes in Media Essay examples1945 Words   |  8 PagesThe Ugly Truth, a film which was released in 2009, displays many particular stereotypes and gender issues which we find within American society. Gender is made up of socially constructed ideas which are reinforced by society in regards to what it means to be masculine or feminine. We first learn gender from our parents; however they too had to first learn it from their families and society. Within the American society, the media takes o n a large role in creating gender norms. The media is made upRead MoreMorality Vs. Truth : The Dilemma Media Outlets Face2251 Words   |  10 Pagesvs. Truth: The Dilemma Media Outlets Face We are surrounded by news. Because of the amount of technology readily available at our fingertips, news is everywhere. It is no longer predominately supplied to the public through newspapers or radios at scheduled times. Instead, news is accessible nearly anywhere at any time. With just a click of a button, news can be accessed from your phone, tablet, or laptop in no time at all. Through different news sites, or even on different social medias, youRead More Media Should Work on Showing an Objective Truth Essay2286 Words   |  10 Pagesaffected our social state in a way that we are slaves for the media. We have changed from keen viewers to blind imitators. The amount of images and visual information that is being sent to us every day is really vast. Many people have been influenced by the information that is given by the media. Their minds and souls have been falsely biased. Their actions, decisions, movements, and judgments are tied to what they see in the media. Media ha s tried to replace the public opinion by certain policiesRead MoreHow The Media Creates Beauty Standards And Shine A Light On The Truth Essay2021 Words   |  9 Pages For many years, society has been told by the media that there a certain way that people should look. We are shown that true beauty in what we see in the media and advertisements. They celebrities and models in the media are beautiful, symmetric, flawless and perfect in all the right places. There is something that society needs to realize. Society is being fooled. The beauty shown in media is not realistic and it is not obtainable. For our public advocacy project, we want to dispel media’s

Boulder Colorado limiting new construction and population growth Essay

Rock Colorado restricting new development and populace development - Essay Example The separation of having the option to pay and the readiness to pay are immensely total opposites supposing that a family unit can pay then it implies that the provider is acquiring more than the normal office specialist and is spending under thirty-five percent (35%) of their profit in paying for the house. Ability to pay then again implies that the family unit is prepared to follow the installment necessities however there is no genuine confirmation that the provider has the budgetary assets to pay the month to month contracts on the home beside the synchronous costs required for day by day living. At the point when these sorts of situations are taken into extraordinary thought, it is beyond question that endless suburbia is normally overloaded with issues in regards to racial and social class separations (Wright Realtors). It is run of the mill for endless suburbia to incorporate the advancement of the rural edges that are regularly way pass as far as possible. The significant mis fortunes of this incorporate high vehicle reliance, deficient wellbeing and social offices, higher per-individual/per capita costs, disarranged road plans, and contamination.

The Term Paper Writing Jobs Trap

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Is College Essay Samples Worth the Cost?

<h1>Is College Essay Samples Worth the Cost?</h1><p>Most individuals can't address the inquiry, 'is school worth the expense?' But they should realize that universities and colleges must be unmistakable about the costs that accompany going to a specific school. On the off chance that an understudy is paying more than one thousand dollars every year for school, at that point they will need to get something expounded on the most proficient method to see whether that cost truly is worth it.</p><p></p><p>If you do choose to go to school, at that point you will find that your educational cost will begin at a large number of dollars a year. The cash that goes into your books and individual costs must be considered in, or, more than likely the cash will go on premium and more costs, all of which will consume your investment funds after some time. So in what manner should this influence your paper samples?</p><p></p><p>You sho uld be extremely cautious about how you answer the inquiry, 'is school worth the expense.' There are various individuals out there who are really going to the Internet to do a portion of their exploration, since they trust it to be a decent method to discover how much cash it will cost them to head off to college. However, in all actuality they are burning through their time. The Internet is a poor research apparatus with regards to making sense of the genuine expenses of college.</p><p></p><p>Colleges will have a gigantic measure of understudy advances will have high financing costs and the best understudies will pay the most elevated loan fees. Likewise, the expenses related with educational cost, food and lodging, books, transportation, and food are regularly higher than an understudy would think. At the end of the day, the straightforward response to the inquiry, 'is school worth the expense,' is an unequivocal no.</p><p></p><p>The re are a great deal of things that universities do that go unmentioned when an understudy is simply picking a school. For instance, there are numerous monetary guide choices that an understudy can investigate so as to decide iftheir budgetary circumstance is going to make it workable for them to go to class. While a costly school may be recorded as having low costs, the money related guide is regularly integrated with credits and awards, which are not continually going to be similar costs. Accordingly, you have to ensure that you are taking these angles into consideration.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to investigating what it will cost to go to a school, you ought to likewise consider what kind of money related guide is accessible at that school. There are a wide range of sorts of help, for example, government awards, private grants, understudy credits, maintain study sources of income, and so on which are really going to have the effect between whether you can go to class or not. The exposition ought to have the option to give a reasonable thought of what the complete expense of participation will be.</p><p></p><p>Finally, the paper ought to be sorted out in a way that makes it simple for the peruser to track. You need to clarify that they can navigate to the college's site so as to get more data about the expenses of going to a specific school. This is critical, as it tends to be simple for an understudy to get out of luck regarding the expenses. Likewise, ensure that the paper is written in an immediate and direct manner.</p><p></p><p>This is something that everybody should mull over while picking where to head off to college. Most schools will be very costly, so it is just significant that you are as clear as conceivable about the general expenses of school. On the off chance that you can make this piece of your paper as clear as could reasonably be expected, at that point you will have a greatly improved possibility of seeing whether it is really worth the money.</p>

Confidential Information on Article Review Cover Page That Only the Pros Know About

<h1> Confidential Information on Article Review Cover Page That Only the Pros Know About </h1> <h2> Ruthless Article Review Cover Page Strategies Exploited</h2> <p>The author should be in a spot to introduce the thoughts in an expert manner, appearing inside and out perception of the data found on the exposition. Despite what the theme is. In the end, talk about whether the review is fruitful in propelling the region of study it's looking at. Each guide speaks to a theme and area of brain science. </p> <p>The Assignment The urgent audit paper should be an intense or burdensome task. An audit should be worked by specific rules. Your audit should be at least a solitary page long in APA style. 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Sum up the significant purposes of each guide. </p> <p>An article audit is a piece of composing where you sum up and survey another person's article. It has a place with the most every now and again doled out papers. It is a bit of composing where you sum up and evaluate someone else's article. Along these lines, it ought not just spotlight on talking about what the article is about, however ought to uncover your own thoughts and sentiments on the article.</p> <p>The essential objective is to find whether the review is important and substantial. A URL to the review must be provided so the teacher can access and read the article you've picked. As you needn't bother with an extreme measure of time to peruse a report, it's despite everything genuine that you can find that it's difficult to audit it. </p>

Promise Keepers

<h1>Promise Keepers</h1><p>One of the most significant obligations of a college, in the wake of instructing, is to guarantee that understudies know about the entirety of their privileges, and knowledgeable in taking care of all parts of school life. Bihar College in India has neglected to meet this responsibility.</p><p></p><p>There have been reports in the past that Bihar College has not kept to its guarantees and has fail to track understudies' achievements. In a few cases, understudies are basically solicited to make a report from their scores after some time. Obviously there is no observing instrument set up to ensure that understudies are learning the subjects, finishing assignments and passing exams.</p><p></p><p>Bihar College has likewise been censured for not telling understudies when the assessments are going on or for postponing it to oblige test coordinators. Understudies ought to have the option to take the test without agonizing over the time zone, or about if the test was planned during winter or summer. An understudy can even miss the assessment with barely any outcomes. The school has never made this piece of its promises.</p><p></p><p>Most colleges have frameworks for observing the advancement of understudies in their separate schools during the school year. Schools are likewise expected to give all outcomes to guardians, their instructors and different establishments. Unmistakably both the understudies and the school specialists would profit by a framework that can follow understudies' advancement, that can tell them when the assessment is occurring, and the outcomes that are made accessible to them.</p><p></p><p>Students of Bihar College have not delighted in any of these rights. Rather, their learning experience has been debased to the point that they were not by any means mindful of their privileges. Their advancement has been d amaged by absence of correspondence. A couple of understudies one after another are normally informed when the tests are occurring, and the outcomes made accessible, yet there has been little exertion put into guaranteeing that each understudy can get the greatest conceivable education.</p><p></p><p>Instead of getting the normal outcomes, numerous understudies are compelled to sit tight for certain weeks, some of the time months, for the aftereffects of their test results. These understudies are not in a situation to get any advantages. They don't have a clue about the date of the outcomes and need to sit up the entire night to ensure that they don't miss their arrangement. This is unsuitable, particularly for understudies who have buckled down and have indicated extraordinary potential.</p><p></p><p>The just option in contrast to this circumstance, which is fundamentally right, is to guarantee that the College in Bihar remembers to pr int question papers for the tests. Each understudy ought to be given a similar opportunity to learn as any other individual. This would guarantee that their presentation is tantamount to that of understudies from different organizations. There is nothing amiss with making a guarantee, yet the College ought to follow through on this.</p>

Four Ways of Writing an Introduction Essay

<h1>Four Ways of Writing an Introduction Essay</h1><p>The four different ways of composing an acquaintance exposition are simple with use. You don't need to compose it like a novel, and you don't need to compose it in a straight forward style either.</p><p></p><p>At first look, your paper may appear to be difficult to peruse. The subjects are dark to the point that even a normal individual can't fold their head over them. In any case, when you stop and consider it, interestingly, you comprehend what you're getting into.</p><p></p><p>Introduction expositions are composed by individuals who don't have the experience or foundation to completely comprehend the subject being introduced to them. Along these lines, when you start to peruse the exposition you ought to solicit yourself what your level from instruction is, and how well you can comprehend the data being introduced to you.</p><p></p><p>Your first method of composing an acquaintance paper is with characterize the point and the individuals it relates to. Start by posting a couple of individuals you may be referencing in your paper. In case you're composing a report about your activity, for instance, you may expound on your chief, your colleagues, or a portion of your clients. Ensure that you give a presentation of every individual so as to pick up their attention.</p><p></p><p>Next, you will need to present yourself in the paper. Be mindful so as to recall this is a work of fiction and that individuals who read the article you've composed will have the option to see your composing style and your style of correspondence. So make certain to be clear about what your identity is and what you're attempting to say.</p><p></p><p>Your following stage is to expound on what you're expounding on in the passages. This is the place you can be as verbose as you need. For a model, in cas e you're expounding on the historical backdrop of a specific eatery, expound on how the area got well known and about how individuals were propelled to visit that area on account of the food or different parts of the earth. Be that as it may, it's commonly a smart thought to confine your distinct composition to the main passage and the presentation paragraph.</p><p></p><p>The last method of composing an acquaintance article is with write in short sections. There's no set in stone manner to compose a concise presentation. Simply make certain to be clear about the importance of the principal passage and the remainder of the piece.</p><p></p><p>Each of these techniques has its motivation and ought to be utilized relying upon the subject of the article. Recall that your motivation recorded as a hard copy the exposition is to draw in the peruser and increment their enthusiasm for your article.</p>

What Does It Mean To Be A College Grad? Essay Writing Advice

<h1>What Does It Mean To Be A College Grad? Paper Writing Advice</h1><p>The words utilized in an article to help the thinking of the contention you are making is a pivotal piece of what is being a school graduate. A decent author can make you sound extremely engaging when the person in question reveals to you how to utilize explicit words in your article. In any case, how would you know whether your composing is sufficient to go as a decent essay?</p><p></p><p>A great paper won't really make you stand apart from the remainder of the group. It takes a great deal of work on your part and, after its all said and done it may not be as troublesome as you might suspect. Here are a couple of tips to assist you with getting started:</p><p></p><p>Make sure you are a decent essayist. This implies utilizing the correct spelling and punctuation when composing your exposition. Utilize the right words and sentence structure. On the off chance that you do this, you will experience no difficulty getting acknowledged for your ideal job.</p><p></p><p>Take an opportunity to look into your point. Numerous individuals are humiliated about their school or profession. They will be less inclined to do well in an exposition that they feel is to be embarrassing.</p><p></p><p>If you will compose a great deal of short papers, recall that you are not required to submit them for tests. You are not expected to give an introduction for your first essay.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to dazzle individuals is to give them that you care about what you are composing. At the point when you comprehend that you need to set aside the effort to ensure your paper is in the same class as it very well may be, you will be more ready to do so.</p><p></p><p>If you are a school graduate, the best exhortation you can provide for others is that it takes loads of difficult work to be a decent author. This doesn't mean you should abandon your objectives, however you have to understand that your objective isn't for them to perceive how hard you functioned. The main individual who will realize how hard you functioned is you!</p>

Topics of Descriptive Research Paper

<h1>Topics of Descriptive Research Paper</h1><p>When you are composing a subject of graphic research paper, you will probably portray what you have found. You will most likely need to give a case of how your discoveries were critical and what the effect was. The arrangement that you use when composing your report will rely upon what sort of research you are doing. You should be certain that you can communicate unmistakably and this requires something other than knowing a couple of things about writing.</p><p></p><p>As far as configurations go, perhaps the most ideal approaches to organize an examination paper is to utilize visual cues. There are some incredible layouts that can help you here. These formats are useful in that they are intended to introduce the entirety of the significant focuses in a straightforward and simple to understand way. They are likewise basic and simple to utilize so you don't need to stress over a learning curve.< ;/p><p></p><p>You will likewise need to exploit page arrangements and organization them accurately. Numerous specialists attempt to put visual cues and areas on the left half of the page and sections on the correct side. As it were, they put down the primary concerns first and foremost and afterward they put in the subtleties toward the end. While this makes for a simple read, it doesn't really make for the best format.</p><p></p><p>People battle with the sentence structure when they are first beginning and this makes it exceptionally hard to learn. Numerous individuals don't compose their own exploration papers since they need to utilize these kinds of papers that are accessible. On the off chance that you choose to utilize a layout to compose your subject of elucidating research paper, you will have the advantage of having the option to type in your own duplicate or you can approach another person to type it for you.</p><p>& lt;/p><p>You will likewise need to be certain that you remember explicit titles and watchwords for your body. Regularly individuals are reluctant to do this since they feel that their work will be neglected on the off chance that they do exclude titles and catchphrases. This isn't the situation and you will find that it will assist with taking full advantage of your paper.</p><p></p><p>It is additionally essential to incorporate the real substance of your article. Recall that individuals have been prepared to peruse with a particular goal in mind. You need to be certain that your data is introduced in a manner that is clear and justifiable. Without this, individuals may skirt the substance entirely.</p><p></p><p>The subjects of elucidating research paper ought to likewise incorporate key discoveries. You will need to expound on how these key discoveries identify with the exploration that you did. You will likewise need to stat e what the effect of these discoveries is.</p><p></p><p>There are a wide range of arrangements that you can utilize when composing an examination paper. While a few organizations may appear to be simpler than others, you ought to consistently be certain that your outcomes are characterized and incorporate the real watchwords and key discoveries. You ought to likewise be certain that you can show how the discoveries identify with the subjects of expressive research paper that you are writing.</p>

Essay Writing - Essay Writing Resource For Environmental Essay Samples

<h1>Essay Writing - Essay Writing Resource For Environmental Essay Samples</h1><p>Environmental Essay tests are fantastic wellsprings of data, yet they can likewise be utilized to assist understudies with different papers. The Environment is an extraordinary subject for a composed test. This article task has various kinds of ecological points, including horticulture, air quality, water contamination, backwoods, the travel industry, untamed life, and the indigenous habitat. The article tests are intended to help understudies who need to compose their own paper on a topic.</p><p></p><p>Students frequently find that the Environment is simpler than subjects like English Literature, Science, and Math. They likewise find that it gives an assortment of intriguing themes. Understudies can discover heaps of various styles and configurations for this theme. Understudies can glance through various arrangements of condition expositions tests, and pick on e that is generally proper to their requirements. They will have the alternative of picking the style of composing that they prefer.</p><p></p><p>Students can likewise profit by nature article tests that spread subjects, for example, vegetation, creatures, streams, lakes, oceans, seas, rocks, plants, cosmology, history, and topography. Understudies can likewise discover science and math test exposition models. The last incorporates subjects, for example, organic chemistry, science, cell science, physiology, and chemistry.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to the example papers, there are numerous assets that offer an assortment of article points on the web. Understudies can visit sites that offer example article themes, test papers, and models for an exposition. Understudies may pick the one that they figure they would appreciate perusing, or that they think would best suit their interests.</p><p></p><p>Students should don't hesitate to utilize the article tests that they find to compose their own paper on a subject. So as to ensure that the article tests meet the necessities of the paper prerequisite, it is significant for understudies to ensure that they can make a unique exposition. They ought to likewise have the option to compose a convincing essay.Students ought to likewise consider the style where they will compose the article. On the off chance that understudies need to utilize condition exposition tests to finish their assignments, they have to ensure that the earth they are utilizing matches the article material. This implies understudies should ensure that the paper tests are proper for the article. At the point when understudies chip away at expositions for various subjects, they should ensure that the condition that they will utilize fits the essay.</p><p></p><p>Students should search for condition paper tests that will accommodate their style. They would then be able to compose papers utilizing this example design. Composing a paper is a great deal of fun and can assist understudies with pondering an assortment of issues.</p>

The History of Wetland Research Papers Refuted

<h1> The History of Wetland Research Papers Refuted </h1> <p>Trapping dregs Now that researchers have an extraordinary thought about what's befalling the wetlands, the following test is to turn out how to fix the issue, Reed states. The smallest unsafe impacts of individuals on the life expectancy of a wetland is amazingly perilous for the whole biological system. Without water we wouldn't exist. Bill gave a rundown of the Everglades Wetlands Research Park and his latest research. </p> <h2>What You Must Know About Wetland Research Papers </h2> <p>It's evident that, during the past two decades, look into on CWs met a considerable increment. What an examination about how to put your. Thesis meeting costs. Ace theory development organization. </p> <p>Verifying whether wanted capacities are restored can be an extraordinary method to find whether the reclamation venture has succeeded. When wetlands are reestablished as an individual from the endeavor, they'll be concentrated on a proceeding with premise, so the exactness of these apparatuses' expectations can be surveyed. All testing was finished for this endeavor. In this manner, reference locales could be applied as models for rebuilding ventures, together with a measuring stick for estimating the headway of the endeavor. </p> <p>Activities all through the watershed can impactsly affect the oceanic asset which is being reestablished. This license grants us to monitor the methods by which the wetland is utilized by bunches together with cautioning Campus Safety and Wetland staff to your quality. Ensuring wetlands can protect our security and government assistance. In the previous hardly any hundred decades, over portion of the wetlands in america (barring Alas ka and Hawaii) have evaporated, as expressed by the National Wetlands Research Center. </p> <p>Failure to have a legitimate license will prompt expulsion from the site and potential renouncement of the grant. At exactly a similar time, a money related investigation is being embraced, analyzing the certified cost of reestablishing wetlands on private land including the cost of land proprietor installment. These scores will flexibly the establishment for financing choices. </p> <p>Basically, the presentation is an outline or diagram of the whole research paper. Probably, you require data on how best to create the presentation when you're setting up your exploration proposition. Answer to this inquiry will characterize the sources it is conceivable to allude to. </p> <h2> Wetland Research Papers for Dummies </h2> <p>The entire hazard concerning the high caliber and activity of the information is accepted by the client. You should be satisfied with your framework, believe in it, and settle on the application. The entire procedure was ar oused by Solution Search, states Sutfin. This methodology for observing and alteration is called versatile administration. </p> <p>Also however it's a ton progressively troublesome you may consider the manners in which humankind can truly assist its with homing world. At times openings were the outcome of surprising occasions. The awesome news are that there are so much regions which were concentrated just quickly, in this manner it's constantly a possiblity to gain a disclosure. By assuming a basic job being developed NGO division earned its own character in all around the globe. </p> <h2> The Benefits of Wetland Research Papers </h2> <p>Wetlands internationally are feeling the squeeze in light of anthropogenic exercises together with environmental change. It offers a system for willful overall collaboration for wetland preservation. While debasement might be brought about by one direct effect, similar to the filling of a wetland, much corruption is a consequence of the aggregate impact of various, circuitous effects, remembering changes for surface stream because of slow increments in the amount of impenetrable surfaces in the watershed. For example, a wetlands reclamation venture isn't probably going to be fruitful if the hydrological system that existed preceding debasement can't be restored. </p> <p>Now, imperceptible openings lie all around the spot. In certain situations, it may likewise be important to consider downstream changes, for example, dams and channelization. These culvertstunnel structures that grant water to stream underneath a street or soilare, in certain examples, the past exertion to keep wetland-framework network to the sea on a urbanized and solid coastline. Thusly, the fluctuating networks could be with respect to the pathway of carbon debasement and the resulting substrates for methane arrangement. </p>

Hip Hop And Rap Music - 1527 Words

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Writing My Research Papers

<h1>Writing My Research Papers</h1><p>Researching, composing, or altering a proposition can be a mind-boggling process. It's ideal to consider it an on-line composing venture where you can accept it so much or as meager as you can imagine. Composing my exploration papers will assist you with concentrating on your region of study and put your examinations first.</p><p></p><p>Keep as a top priority that you're learning and progressing in your course of study. What you realize is the thing that will assist you with prevailing in your vocation. When composing your examination papers, you ought not put an excessive amount of significance on what others think. A scientist must have the option to place their perceptions and discoveries into a composed structure that will be useable by their companions and their teachers.</p><p></p><p>You may ask why you ought to compose my exploration papers and not utilize the assistance of an instructor or coach. The last two don't have a lot to offer you in any case. Composing your examination papers yourself will compel you to make each word count.</p><p></p><p>If you are stressed over literary theft, it doesn't make a difference who you use as a creator. You should simply ensure the initiation is yours. This may sound self-evident, yet commonly scientists get sluggish and neglect this essential advance. Single word of alert however, when composing your exploration papers, put your work in 'first person.'</p><p></p><p>After getting your work done, it's an ideal opportunity to discover some paper to examine. It's ideal to utilize more than one paper since you may discover something other than what's expected each time you take a gander at something very similar. Numerous online sources, for example, books, reference book articles, and different sorts of writing, will frequently have reference controls that can be useful to you.</p><p></p><p>You'll likewise need to recollect that examination doesn't generally need to be done outside. There are various things you can look into with only a PC and some web get to. For instance, the utilization of Wikipedia articles is a superb asset for research.</p><p></p><p>Creating your examination papers is just piece of the fight however. You despite everything need to finish your theory for your degree program. This piece of the procedure takes a long time of difficult work, however on the off chance that you apply what you've realized in your exploration you'll complete in half a month or months.</p><p></p><p>Researching is a brilliant encounter that causes you comprehend your field. Remember to become acquainted with your colleagues, educators, and instructors and set aside the effort to pose inquiries on the off chance that you experience difficulty getting something. Composing my examina tion papers is a fabulous method to exploit the data you've found and use it to build up your own theory.</p>

Dissertation Fast Food Restaurants Free Essays

string(62) " systems situated within an independent external environment\." ABSTRACT Organizational behaviour in fast food industry is an important area to analyze as fast food sector is growing rapidly. It has direct positive relation with organizational productivity. Around the globe, the penetration of fast food sector is enormous. We will write a custom essay sample on Dissertation: Fast Food Restaurants or any similar topic only for you Order Now A field study was conducted in order to evaluate the employees’ perception of various dynamics of organizational behaviour. The context selected was the fast food restaurants of Pakistan. A sample of 100 fast food restaurants’ employee was selected and data was collected using pre-printed structured questionnaires. The main data collection technique employed was factor loading using principle component analysis. It was performed on various constructs which were used to understand the organizational behaviour. The findings of this dissertation exerts organizational decision markers to focus on acceptance of change by managers and employees, being more responsive to customers’ suggestions, employees awareness about organizational mission, non-monetary appreciation by the colleagues and seniors, task prioritization, intra-team dynamics, workload adjustment, resource sufficiency, organizational justice in the form of fairness, imparting training to the employees, job relevant training to employees, provision of congenial work environment to employee, security at work place, coordination with employees, ensuring transparency while promoting people and elimination of biasness among employees. The accomplishment of these would have important bearings on overall organizational behaviour and will ultimately improve the productivity of the organization. Like many researches, this research also has some limitations. Future research should take in to account these short comings. Table of Conte nts ABSTRACT1 You can read also Classifications of Restaurants CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION OF DISSERTATION: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF DISSERTATION5 1-1: A Brief Account of the Area of Interest:5 1-2: Choice Rationale of the Thesis Research:6 1-3: Aim of the Dissertation Research:7 1-4: Fast Food Industry of Pakistan – the Context:7 1-5: Research Questions of Dissertation:8 1-6: Research Objectives of Dissertation:9 1-7: Nature of Research Output and Final Outcome of Dissertation:10 1-8: Structure of the Thesis:11 1-9: Chapter Summary:12 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF ACADEMIC AND SCHOLARLY LITERATURE13 2-1: Organizational Behaviour– An Imperative issue for Businesses:13 2-2-1: Culture:15 2-2-2: Change:16 2-2-3: Customer Orientation:17 2-2-4: Rewards and Recognition:18 2-2-5: Leadership/Supervision:19 -2-6: Fair Treatment of Employees:19 2-2-7: Job Characteristics:20 2-2-8: Training:20 2-2-9: Work Environment:21 2-3: Summary:22 CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE DISSERTATION23 3-1: Theoretical Underpinnings – Rationale:23 3-2: Research A ims and Objectives:24 6. 1. 13-2-1: Background Discussion:24 6. 1. 23-2-2: Research Aims:25 6. 1. 33-2-3: Research Objectives:26 3-4: Summary:32 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN, METHODOLOGY AND METHOD(S) OF DISSERTATION RESEARCH33 4. 1: Nature of Research Endeavours:33 4. 2: Type of Research:34 4. 3: Reference to Sampling Frame:35 4. 4: Population Attributes and Sampling Design:35 4. 5: Decision on Sample Size:36 4. : Characteristics of Data Collection Instrument:36 4. 7 Pre-Testing the Data Collection Instrument:37 4. 8: Field Survey and Data Collection – Primary and Secondary Research:37 4. 9: Data Analysis and Report Writing:38 4-10: Summary of the Chapter:39 CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS AND ASSOCIATED DISCUSSION40 5. 1: The Pakistani Fast Food Sector – Context of Dissertation:40 5-2: Reliability Analysis:42 5 – 3: Review of Dissertation’s Aim and Associated Objectives:43 5 – 4: Demographic Profile of the Employees:44 5 – 5: Primary Data Analysis:46 5 – 6: Research Objective 1: To explore the employees’ perception of culture of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. 9 5 – 7: Research Objective 2: To explore the employees’ perception of change dynamics of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. 52 5 – 8: Research Objective 3: To explore the employees’ perception of customer orientation of fast food restaurants of Pakistan56 5 – 9: Research Objective 4: To explore the employees’ perception of leadership dynamic of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. 61 5 – 10: Research Objective 5: To explore the employees’ perception of rewards and recognition of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. 64 5 – 11: Research Objective 6: To explore the employees’ perception of job characteristics of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. 7 5 – 12: Research Objective 7: To explore the employees’ perception of fair treatment with employees among fast food restaurants of Pakistan72 5 – 13: Research Objective 8: To explore the employees’ perception of training among fast food restaurants of Pakistan75 Table 5 – 37 gives the rotated component matrix of training. It shows that two factor were extracted when factor loading was applied. The first was â€Å"number of trainings given to employees in last six months† (0. 959) and â€Å"number of trainings† given in last one month’ (0. 956). The factor could be termed as â€Å"recent training offered to employees†. The second factor extracted was loaded on two variables i. e. , â€Å"employees training on assessed needs† (0. 63) and â€Å"employees are trained to meet changes in job† (0. 873). The factor extracted could be named as â€Å"job relevant training†. 78 5 – 14: Research Objective 9: To explore the employees’ perception of work environment among fast food restaurants of Pakistan. 78 5 – 13: Summary:82 6-1: Conclusion of t he Dissertation:84 6-2: Recommendations:85 6-2-1: Recommendation 1: Change Dynamics:86 6-2-2: Recommendation 2: Customer Orientation:87 6-2-3: Recommendation 3: Leadership Dynamics:87 6-2-4: Recommendation 4: Rewards and Recognition:87 6-2-5: Recommendation 5: Job Characteristics:88 6-2-6: Recommendation 6: Fair Treatment with Employees:88 6-2-7: Recommendation 7: Training:89 -2-8: Recommendation 8: Work Environment:89 6-2-9: Recommendation 9: Culture:90 6-3: Limitations of Research:90 6-3: Future Research Opportunities:91 REFERENCES92 APPENDIX101 QUESTIONNAIRE102 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION OF DISSERTATION: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF DISSERTATION This is the first chapter of the dissertation. It will contribute a brief overview of the dissertation topic. It will also contribute the aims and objectives of the dissertation research. Further to this, this chapter will underscore the final outcome of the dissertation along with dissertation structure. In addition to this, the chapter will also contribute the structure of the dissertation. The chapter will end with the summary of the chapter. 1-1: A Brief Account of the Area of Interest: The world is at the verge of transition (Adler and Gundersen, 2008). This exerts enormous pressures on managers to sharpen their skills with reference to dynamic issues. Priem et al. (1995) suggested that environmental dynamism dictates the decision making process and firm performance. Thompson (1967) highlighted that organizations are open systems situated within an independent external environment. You read "Dissertation: Fast Food Restaurants" in category "Food" Garg et al. (2003) suggested that these environmental concerns are also closely related to the selection of senior managers in the organisation. Businesses are growing day by day. Increase in he size changes the ownership pattern and separated the ownership form the management of organization. There are different managers who work on the behalf of their owners and managers have other people who work for their managers. These managers assume responsibility of manipulating resources as well as day-to-day running of the enterprise so as to ensure the accomplishment of short-range and long-range plans. An organization is a group of people arranged in different teams and department in a particular manner. These people generally belong to the society where the organization is located. This collection of people generally holds for an extended period of time and work together towards accomplishment of organization’s long-term mission. According to Cartwright (1965), an organization can be regarded as a collection of related people arranged on the bases of their interdependence on each other yet with an emphasis on the whole. The behaviour of people within organization is controlled and can be forecasted quite often. The contribution of people or parts of the system would lead to the accomplishment of organizational goals and objectives. Organizational behaviour involves study of activities of people and their behaviour that influences organizational performance. The core areas of OB include motivation, leader behaviour, group structure and processes, change process, job and work design and work stress (Bigelow et al. , 1999). Research in the domain of organizational behaviour corroborates an association between behaviour of an organization and its productivity level. The work of Hansen and Wernerfelt (1989) revealed that as compared to economic indicators of organizational performance, the factors associated with organizational behaviour have twice as much explanatory power as much the economic variables. The study of organizational behaviour draws attention to lot of areas which might be advantageous or cumbersome for the organization. It identifies issues like workforce diversity and offers solutions to manage it. The insights arising out of OB enables managers to harness the workers’ efficiency. This is generally accomplished through empowering employees. It also guides managers to design jobs and workplace in such a way as to facilitate achievement of organizational goals and objectives and reduce job stress (Robbins, 1998). 1-2: Choice Rationale of the Thesis Research: Organizational behaviour in fast food industry is an important area to analyze as fast food sector is growing rapidly. Fast food items can be cooked rapidly and thus can be obtained in no time. Around the globe, the penetration of fast food sector is enormous. It gives convenience for busy lifestyle yet it is high in calories, sugar and fat (Glanz et al. , 1998). Many people don’t have their eating schedule in terms of breakfast, lunch and dinner. It is generally defined as immediate consumption food available at premises or in specific eating areas (Data Monitor, 2005). Bender and Bender (2000) highlighted that fast food items do not have large variety of goods and generally adopts a unique production processes. Hamburgers, pizzas chicken and sandwiches are specialized fast food products. Fast food industry is regarded as a basis for obesity. Many US fast food producing firms faced court trial because of public concerns on obesity (Adams, 2005). Importance of nutritional values of fast food was also analyzed by researchers (Nayga Jr, 1997, O Dougherty et al. , 2006). Further to this, Brown et al (2000) also emphasized the importance of understanding nutritional requirements and fast food for youngsters. The above discussion asserts the importance of understanding or studying the fast food organization. This dissertation will use the context of fast food industry and will analyze dynamics of organizational behaviour in the said context. 1-3: Aim of the Dissertation Research: This research focuses on analysis of the â€Å"perception of employees about various dynamics of organizational behaviour in fast food industry of Pakistan†. The fast food industry is growing rapidly in Pakistan. It incorporates mushroom growth of both international and national fast food chains in various parts of the country. This phenomenal growth gained prominence in 1993 and since then it has been unmatched. The various imensions of organizational behaviour envisaged for this dissertation research include organizational culture, change dynamics, customer orientation, leadership dynamics, rewards and recognition, job characteristics, fair treatment, training and work environment. 1-4: Fast Food Industr y of Pakistan – the Context: In contrast to past, where the hotels and restaurants were serving traditional and local food, the trend is now shifting towards Western meals especially fast food. The fast and busy life of residents of Pakistan is leading to more and more people dining out. Now-a-days, one can find fast food and fast food restaurants in all parts of the country. People can find fast-food literally every where. Hospitals are serving fast-food. One can stop at a nearby shopping centre. Gas Stations added separate sections which serve fast food. University, college and school cafeterias are offering fast food. One may find huge crowds of people in fast food restaurants on weekends. The Pakistan’s fast food market comprises of global giants like Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Pizza Hut, McDonalds, Hardees, etc. In addition to these, Hilal Fried Chicken (HFC), Al-Najam Fried Chicken (AFC), Fried Chicks, Italian Pizza and many other small firms are also gaining popularity. People from all walks of life and from all ages are visiting these restaurants. Despite its nutritional value, the fast food is also becoming a status symbol. According to Health and Integrated Survey (2009), the average spending of a household on food and related is around 44 percent of the total spending. Moreover, the population of Pakistan has exceeded 170 million. This large size of population spending huge sum of money on their food and related item makes fast food sector really a lucrative area for investment. Pingali (2007) also reported that in Asian people are increasingly using western food and this trend is also influencing the food management system in this country. One of the trends out of this westernization of food in Asia is the outburst of fast-food restaurants in Asian countries. 1-5: Research Questions of Dissertation: The achievement of above stated research aim requires answering number of research questions. These research questions are given hereunder: 1) What is the employees’ perception of culture of fast food restaurants of Pakistan? 2) What is the employees’ perception of change dynamics of fast food restaurants of Pakistan? 3) What is the employees’ perception of customer orientation of fast food restaurants of Pakistan? 4) What is the employees’ perception of leadership dynamic of fast food restaurants of Pakistan? 5) What is the employees’ perception of rewards and recognition of fast food restaurants of Pakistan? 6) What is the employees’ perception of job characteristics of fast food restaurants of Pakistan? ) What is the employees’ perception of fair treatment with employees among fast food restaurants of Pakistan? 8) What is the employees’ perception of training among fast food restaurants of Pakistan? 9) What is the employeesâ €™ perception of work environment among fast food restaurants of Pakistan? For each of the above mentioned research question, research objectives are developed which are give in the next section. 1-6: Research Objectives of Dissertation: In order to achieve research aim and answering research questions, various research objectives were developed. These are based on selection of nine constructs that have been identified from the literature. It is envisaged that the disseration would encompass following research objectives: ) To analyze the employees’ perception of culture of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. 2) To analyze the employees’ perception of change dynamics of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. 3) To analyze the employees’ perception of customer orientation of fast food restaurants of Pakistan 4) To analyze the employees’ perception of leadership dynamic of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. 5) To analyze the employees’ perception of r ewards and recognition of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. 6) To analyze the employees’ perception of job characteristics of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. 7) To analyze the employees’ perception of fair treatment with employees among fast food restaurants of Pakistan ) To analyze the employees’ perception of training among fast food restaurants of Pakistan 9) To analyze the employees’ perception of work environment among fast food restaurants of Pakistan. 1-7: Nature of Research Output and Final Outcome of Dissertation: The accomplishment of this dissertation will facilitate organizational decision makers, particularly the senior management, in developing an understanding of various factors which are perceived to be important dimensions of organizational behaviour. This understanding could serve as a basis for various insights about evaluating their (senior management) current endeavours and subsequent decision making. By working on various dimensions of organizational behaviour, an organization can improve employees’ comfort level with the organization which has direct link organizational performance and profitability. The final outcome of the dissertation is a reduced list of factors which will be regarded as more important by the employees. The dissertation research involves identification of a number of factors from literature which are perceived to be the determinants of organization behaviour. These variables are reduced to few factors by using factor analysis. 1-8: Structure of the Thesis: This dissertation comprises of six chapters. At the outset of each chapter, the introduction of the chapter is given. Similarly, each chapter ends with conclusion of the chapter. This section reveals a brief snapshot of each chapter. Chapter 1- Introduction of Dissertation: Aims and Objectives of Dissertation: This was the first chapter of the dissertation. This chapter emphasized the importance of studying organizational behaviour and importance of fast food industry. It also put forth the research aims and objectives. This chapter ended while elaborating the final outcome of the dissertation research and overall structure of the dissertation. Chapter 2 – Review of Academic and Scholarly Literature: This chapter will contribute the literature on importance of studying organizational behaviour. It will elaborate all the constructs (organizational culture, change dynamics, customer orientation, leadership dynamics, rewards and recognition, job characteristics, fair treatment, training and work environment) and related variables. It would also contribute an overview of global fast food industry with a particular emphasis on why it should be studied. This chapter will extract variables that will serve as the basis of development of theoretical framework. Chapter 3 – Theoretical Framework: This chapter will be linked with previous chapter (Review of Academic and Scholarly Literature) and will present the theoretical framework developed for this dissertation. It would dictate the methodology and associated areas of research. Chapter 4 – Methodology: This chapter will contribute the details of various research techniques which will be used for accomplishment of the dissertation research. Various sections that will be presented in this chapter will include population selection and sampling design, questionnaire development, pre-testing and piloting, overview of statistical techniques and other connected issues. Chapter 5 – Findings and Discussion: This chapter will present findings based on the dissertation research. These findings will be linked with the dissertation research objectives. Chapter 6 – Conclusion, Limitations and Future Research Areas: This will be the last chapter of the dissertation and would contribute conclusion, limitations and future research areas. 1-9: Chapter Summary: This chapter highlighted the overall aim of the dissertation and associated research objectives. It exerted the importance of understanding of organizational behaviour and identified various constructs which will be studied during the course of research. This chapter also contributed a snapshot of final outcome of the dissertation research and overall structure of the dissertation. The next chapter will contribute literature review on organizational behaviour and associated constructs. CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF ACADEMIC AND SCHOLARLY LITERATURE The last chapter gave the introduction of the dissertation. This chapter presents review of literature on various constructs which are subject of discussion of this dissertation. These include culture, change, customer orientation, rewards and recognition, leadership/supervision, fair treatment of employees, job characteristics, training and work environment. The chapter starts with the importance of understanding and studying organizational behaviour and ends with the conclusion. 2-1: Organizational Behaviour– An Imperative issue for Businesses: Adler and Gundersen (2008) suggested that present era is observing a high level of transition from one type of general and business practices to others. Kaplan and Norton (2001) suggested that in such hostile and dynamic environment, organizations attempt to perform better strategies as compared to their rivals. The key to perform better than rivals is to formulate better strategies as compared to the competitors firms. The organizations, in an attempt to compete in the industrial age, attempt to formulate and apply knowledge based strategies yet it has lot of challenges. In contrast to the previous century, where the environmental change is incremental, the current era is characterized by a rapid change in organization’s environment. Saint-Onge (1999) commented on organizations’ abilities and suggested that in the wake of such speedy change, the key to shine out of the crowd is to be better informed as compared to your counter-parts. Further to this, Kennerley and Neely (2003) supported this idea and suggested that the dynamism of environment requires organizations to continuously change the course of action so as to match with the situation. Katz and Kahn (1978), long ago, referred to organizations as open systems. They further exerted that being an open system the organizations interact with the external environment and takes influence from the happenings in the external environment. Earlier, Thompson (1967) contributed similar idea. The work of Garg et al. (2003) suggested that these environmental concerns are in issue of primitive importance for the organization decision makers specially top management. Consequently, the changes in the external environment are closely monitored and their possible influence on the organization is also gauged. In the present times, the size of businesses is increasing. This brings additional challenges for the organizations as it also results in change in ownership and management pattern of the organization. Increasingly, the ownership and management of the organization is getting distinct. Organizations, being governed by the managers, instead of owners exerted that managers and employees are important stakeholders of the enterprise. They are the one who make important decision making about the enterprise’s resources. Moreover, they are the one who directs the working of the organization in certain directions so as to enable its ultimate purpose, the mission. Mintzberg (1980) regarded that organizations are coordinated units where people tend to synchronize their work with each other so as to make necessary mutual adjustment. Further to this, the work of Cartwright (1965) also highlighted the features of organizations as a collection of related people who are put together in such a way that they have certain level of dependence on each other. All of these people, if taken together, results in the full organization. The behaviour of the people in the form of their contribution towards attainment of organization goal is important. Such behaviour is often controlled and forecasted by the organizational decision makers. The working of people, their behaviour and the influence of behaviour on the organizational performance constitute organizational behaviour (OB). The study of organizational behaviour encompasses variety of areas that has to be studied. These include work stress, motivation, leader behaviour, group structure and processes, change process and job and work design (Bigelow et al. , 1999). A number of management studies revealed strong positive association between OB and organizational productivity. Hansen and Wernerfelt (1989) revealed that as compared to economic indicators of organizational performance, the factors associated with organizational behaviour have twice as much explanatory power as much the economic variables. OB highlights both problems and new advantageous vistas for enterprises. It identifies issues like workforce diversity and offers solutions to manage it. OB has been quite influential in increasing the level of employees’ performance. It also guides managers to design jobs and workplace in such a way as to facilitate achievement of organizational goals and objectives and reduce job stress (Robbins, 1998). 2-2:Construct Definitions: The general understanding of the constructs and their various dimensions studied are given under each construct definition. 2-2-1: Culture: It refers to a widespread understanding of organizational value system by the people who form organization (Becker, 1982). As a concept, it has roots in social anthropology and has been extensively used to understand the behaviour of primitive societies (Kotter, 1992). It is concerned about the shared traditions and customs of an organization and organizational members’ feeling about these. Organizations should hire those persons that match with the organizational culture. If hiring is not aligned with organizational culture, it would lead to decrease in motivation and commitment of the hired (Reilly et al. , 1991). Misfit employees have more turnover than individuals who perceive a good fit (Sheridan, 1992). It has been widely used as â€Å"corporate† or â€Å"organizational culture†. The work of Denison (1984) and Furnham (1993) suggested that organizational culture can be used to achieved economic success. For this organization need to have a work force commitment towards various dimensions of organization culture including core values, beliefs and assumptions. This idea was furthered by Hofstede (1980). Moreover, Deal (1982) suggested that strong organizational culture is an important determinant of organizational performance. For the dissertation, the construct culture is broken down into various variables including â€Å"inter-group work coordination†, â€Å"intra-Group work coordination†, â€Å"biasness†, â€Å"people orientation†, and â€Å"innovation and risk-taking† (O’Reilly Iii et al. , 1991, Chatman and Jehn, 1994). Tjosvold et al. (1992) suggested that creating a culture in which people at same management level coordinates with each other is a difficult task however, it is critical for the organization. This issue becomes more important if the environment is turbulent. Beer et al. (1994) also highlighted that in the wake of changing external environment, the success of a change management program depends on the extent of coordination between various functional departments as well between various management levels. Similarly, Lemons and Jones (2001) and Meyer and Smith (2000) suggested that if any organization ensures transparency in its systems specially promotion, it would increase the commitment of employees with the organization. They suggested that despite the fact that every year companies spend lot of money in ensuring fair treatment with its employees; the biasness in promotion is still an imperative issue. Kaplan and Ferris (2001) suggested that if employees find problem in organization’s promotion system, it would evoke perceived organizational injustice. Koys (1991)suggested that organizations must maintain transparency in promotion as it is a legal requirement. 2-2-2: Change: Dynamic environment requires organizations to continuously update them as per the needs of the environment. Hall (1987) suggests that typically organizations do not prefer to change themselves and if they are posed to change, they show massive resistance. Organization’s survival depends on its ability to manage change. Similarly, an organization’s success or failure depends on the things its employees do or fail to do. There are a number of changes that takes place in an organizational setting. This include change taking place in terms of social value system, educational change, political, technological, environmental, market, business, economical and religious, etc. For the purpose of the dissertation research, various dimensions of change that has been incorporated for study include â€Å"acceptance of change by individual†, â€Å"acceptance of change by senior management† and â€Å"rewarding of change†. Paterson and Cary (2002) highlighted that change management programs result in anxiety among employees. Iverson (1996) suggested that if an organization facilitates its employees during the times when a change is brought in, it would result in positive influence on organization. Kavanagh and Ashkanasy (2006) suggested that if senior management provides leadership in change management, it would facilitate change implementation and acceptance by employees. 2-2-3: Customer Orientation: Consumers/customers are at the heart of organizations. Traditional concept of customer’s satisfaction and customers being the profit centre is transforming into customer delight. Nowadays, the uyers are equipped with more information and are better aware in comparison to the past. They have variety of methods through which buyers can check organizational assertions and thus can make an informed decision (Urban, 2003). Customers always try to maximize their value commonly regarded as customersâ€⠄¢ perceived value. It can be obtained by comparing a customers’ thinking about the benefits that he derives from a product and all associated costs that he incurred for obtaining that product. It also includes cost of foregoing related options. Those organizations which provide better value to its customers as compared to its rivals enjoy high level of customer loyalty. This idea was substantiated by Hennig-Thurau (2004) who suggested that if an organization improves the customer orientation of its service employees, it would result in increased customer satisfaction. This would result in enhancement of customers’ commitment and organization would be better able to retain these customers. Brady and Cronin (2001) highlighted that if the employees maintain customer orientation, it would influence the perception of the customers towards quality of the products and services produced by the organization. So, that makes a strong point that organizations should focus on creation and provision of relatively better value to its customers (Learning, 1998). Shapiro (1988) suggested that customer orientation contends that customer related information should be transmitted at all levels across the organization. It should then be used in the strategic management and for tactical decision. Similarly, Kohli (1990) exerted that customer orientation deals with the extent to which information about the buyers is gathered and incorporated in decision making. similarly, Ruekert (1992) furthered this idea. The significance of customer orientation can be witnessed from its high recognition in management literature. Similarly, the work of Narver and Slater (1990) and Jaworski and Kohli (1993) substantiated that customer orientation brings economic benefits to an organization. employees’ empowerment to provide high value services†, customer feedback system† and â€Å"customer focused processes† were used to evaluate â€Å"customer orientation† construct for this dissertation research. 2-2-4: Rewards and Recognition: D espite the fact that in day to day life both recognition received from the management and the rewards given to an employee are used interchangeably yet both are not the same (Hansen et al. , 2002). The area has attracted a lot of discussion and had been topic of lot of research papers (Cooley and Lawrence, 2006, McDermott and O’Dell, 2001, Bessant and Francis, 1999, Johnson, 1996). However, it is regretful that despite a lot of attention in academic and scholarly literature, the traces of concept in business world are scarce. The evidence of use of rewards and recognition in developing employees’ motivation development is still not very evident. As a result of this, such organizational initiatives did not prove very fruitful. The work of Lewis (1998) and Parasuraman (1987) suggested that an organization can improve the quality of its service offering by linking the same with rewards that it offers to its employees. The same was also corroborated by Kotler (1999). Similar evidence arise from the work of Bowen (1999) who suggested that if employees were given rewards then they would have enhanced focus in managing the customers complaints. It’s a common phenomenon that one will feel dissatisfied if he/she is not rewarded or recognized for his/her good work. Monetary rewards are regarded as one of the top rated motivators (Locke et al. , 1980). Money is the mean which provides employees an opportunity of satisfying numerous desire. In addition to this, money can also act as a barometer through which an employee evaluate his worth in comparison with other employees who serve with them (Doyle, 1992). Moreover, money is not important to all employees. According to Maslow (1943), human beings have variety of needs categorized into various groups. He further exerted that high achievers are intrinsically motivated. For the purpose of this dissertation, the provision of â€Å"Monetary† and â€Å"Non-Monetary Rewards† were used. Where monetary rewards essentially takes the form of money, Govindarajulu and Daily (2004) suggested that non-monetary rewards takes various forms including appreciation, paid-vacation, preferred parking space, time-off from normal working in the office, etc. 2-2-5: Leadership/Supervision: Yukl (1994) highlighted that the concept of leadership gained a lot of prominence through-out the century. Despite the fact that there a variety of leadership definitions are in place (Bass, 1990) yet the underlying meaning behind all of them is that it is meant to influence to influence organizational members towards attainment of goals and objectives of the enterprise. The leaders and founders of the organizations are also influential in setting the overall value systems and in shaping the culture of the enterprise (Schneider, 1987, Schein, 1990). Managers use formal strategic management process to identify and select appropriate goals and actions for the organization (Chandler, 1962). Determining the organization’s mission and goals is the first step of the planning process. Once the mission and goals are agreed upon and formally stated in the corporate plan, they guide the next steps by defining which strategies are appropriate and which are inappropriate (Pearce, 1992). The organization’s mission, objectives, strategies and tactics must be communicated to everyone. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the supervisors that they should ensure that all efforts had been made in communicating targets, matters of importance and urgency, technical specifications, words of advice and motivation along with performance related feedback. Friendly and accommodating supervisors yield more satisfied and motivated employees. 2-2-6: Fair Treatment of Employees: People exert power and try to influence each other when they work in group. They try to find ways to influence others, earn rewards and advance careers (Culbert and McDonough, 1980). They exhibit or attempt to exhibit political behaviours to persuade the distributions of privileges and punishments (Mintzberg, 1984). Organizations protect the rights of all employees. It leads to respectful working relationships among employees, inculcates sense of ownership and provides a fair dispute resolution system. If a person is not treated fairly, he will feel betrayed. It would possibly result in employee’s de-motivation and will adversely affect his/her performance. â€Å"Perception about fairness of disciplinary actions†, â€Å"proper allocation of training opportunities†, â€Å"fair dispute resolution† and â€Å"mutual trust† was included in this construct. Collier and Esteban (2007) suggested that if an organization treats its employee fairly, it would increase employee commitment with the organization and is an indicator that organization is fulfilling its corporate social responsibility. Engelbrecht et al. (2008) highlighted that in the present days the organizations have deputed a very diverse workforce. This diversity has lead to significant amount of conflicts in the organization. This demands that managers must treat all the employees fairly irrespective of their gender, age, ethnic background, etc. 2-2-7: Job Characteristics: Employees adopt attitudes and behaviours towards their jobs on the basis of social information processing (Salancik and Pfeffer, 1978). People have the ability to adjust their attitudes and behaviour on the basis of their perception about the changing nature of job. Moreover, employees develop psychological contracts about their jobs that set out what management expects from the employees, and vice versa (Robinsons et al. , 1994). These physiological contracts, being an important determinant of employees’ behaviour should be clearly communicated to employees (Schein, 1980). â€Å"Skill variety†, â€Å"task identity†, â€Å"task significance†, â€Å"autonomy† and â€Å"feedback† proposed by Hackman and Oldham (1976) were used to observe job characteristics for the purpose of this dissertation. According to Morris and Venkatesh (2010), the job characteristics are strongly associated with job satisfaction and organization performance so organization must focus on job design and characteristics. Similarly, Wood (2008) suggested job characteristics are often ignored while looking at job satisfaction. He suggested that organization must not ignore it as it is strongly associated with job satisfaction. 2-2-8: Training: Organizations are inefficient because they are managed by inefficient persons. Inefficient employees yield lower productivity and hence lower efficiency. It results in lower profitability and hence lower investment in Human Resources. This results into a vicious circle of inefficiency (Fani, 2005). Similarly, the work of Bettencourt (1996), Lewis (1998) and Yavas (1998) out forth that organization must focus on training its lower level employees not only to improve their technical capacity but also in improving the interpersonal skills of the employees. These skills would held them in coping with changing requirements of the buyers of products and services, handled different and complex personalities and adjusting themselves according to the situation so as to enable them deliver enhanced value to the buyers. Boshoff (2000) exerted the training of employees and highlighted that if the employees are not equipped with relevant technical and behavioural skills, they would be unable to deliver competitive service and it would result in high level of customers’ grievance. This was further corroborated by Bitner (1990) who reported that around 43 percent of the complaints from dissatisfied customers were the outcome of the incapable people handlings customers’ affairs. Even, competent and skilled employees don’t remain competent and skilled forever. Due to increasing competition, technological changes and quest for improved production process, job roles changes and so does the required skills. Organizations all over the world spend billions each year on employees’ training. The money is generally used to educate employees, provide them with opportunities to learn new things so that they can do their job better and enhance their future career. Individualization of training programs increases their effectiveness (Kolb, 1976). â€Å"Training Need Analysis†, and â€Å"Previously taken training† were used to measure this construct. According to Dysvik and Kuvaas (2008), if an organization gives an employee training opportunities, the employee would not learn new things but would also become loyal and committed to the organizations. Both of these things will positively influence the organizations’ performance. Similarly, Schmidt (2007) suggested that if the employees of an organization are satisfied are with the workplace learning and formal training provided to them, it would positively influence their job satisfaction. 2-2-9: Work Environment: Nature of Job, physical environment and work space and characteristics of job can influence an employee’s work behaviour. Evidence indicates that even relatively modest variations in temperature, noise, lighting, or air quality can exert appreciable effects on employee performance and attitudes (Bell et al. , 1990). For instance, an increase in temperature can adversely affect both physical (Bell et al. , 1982) and mental performance of a person (Fine and Kobrick, 1978). Similarly, unpredictable noise interferes with an employee’s ability to concentrate and pay attention (Baron, 1994). Loud and unpredictable noises also tend to increase excitation and led to reduced job satisfaction (Bell et al. , 1990). Furthermore, right intensity of light is related with task difficulty and required accuracy (Wineman, 1982). â€Å"Workplace Cleanliness†, â€Å"Temperature†, â€Å"Ergonomics†, â€Å"Lighting† and â€Å"Ventilation†, and â€Å"workplace safety† were used in the dissertation for this construct. Biswas and Varma (2007) suggested that the firms should provide safe and healthy working environment to its employees. It would give employees a comfort factor in the organization and they become more productive employees. Peek-Asa et al. (2007) suggested that organization should ensure that it has a comprehensive workplace security program 2-3: Summary: This chapter put forth the review of academic and scholarly literature on the dissertation area. It suggests that organizations are in a constant state of flux. External environment triggers organizational change. Such change in the organizations exerts their continuous study so as to observe the related phenomena. OB involves studying influence of people and their behaviour on organizations. The research in the domain of organizational behaviour encompasses research into variety of associated areas. These include work stress, motivation, leader behaviour, group structure and processes, change process and job and work design. A number of management studies revealed that there is a strong relationship between organizational behaviour and organizational performance. This chapter offers review of literature of various constructs. These constructs includes culture, change, customer orientation, rewards and recognition, leadership, fair treatment, job characteristics, training and work environment. The next chapter will give the theoretical framework of the dissertation. CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE DISSERTATION This chapter will contribute the theoretical framework for this dissertation research. It would use the literature contributed in the preceding chapter and will put forward the proposed model. 3-1: Theoretical Underpinnings – Rationale: Thompson (1967) and Katz and Kahn (1978) suggested that organizations are open systems. They further exerted that being an open system the organizations interact with the external environment and takes influence from the happenings in the external environment. Garg et al. (2003) argued that these environmental concerns are in issue of primitive importance for the organization decision makers specially top management. Presently, the size of businesses is increasing. This brings additional challenges for the organizations as it may result in change in ownership and management pattern of the organization. Increasingly, the ownership and management of the organization is getting distinct. Organizations, being governed by the managers, instead of owners exerted that managers and employees are important stakeholders of the enterprise. They are the one who make important decision making about the enterprise’s resources. Moreover, they are the one who directs the working of the organization in certain directions so as to enable its ultimate purpose, the mission. Mintzberg (1980) regarded that organizations are coordinated units where people tend to synchronize their work with each other so as to make necessary mutual adjustment. Similarly, the work of Cartwright (1965) also highlighted the features of organizations as a collection of related people who are put together in such a way that they have certain level of dependence on each other. All of these people, if taken together, results in the full organization. The behavior of the people in the form of their contribution towards attainment of organization goal is important. Such behavior is often controlled and forecasted by the organizational decision makers. The working of people, their behavior and the influence of behavior on the organizational performance constitute organizational behavior (OB). The study of organizational behavior encompasses variety of areas that has to be studied. These include work stress, motivation, leader behavior, group structure and processes, change process and job and work design (Bigelow et al. , 1999). A number of management studies revealed strong positive association between OB and organizational productivity. Hansen and Wernerfelt (1989) revealed that as compared to economic indicators of organizational performance, the factors associated with organizational behaviour have twice as much explanatory power as much the economic variables. OB highlights both problems and new advantageous vistas for enterprises. It identifies issues like workforce diversity and offers solutions to manage it. OB has been quite influential in increasing the level of employees’ performance. It also guides managers to design jobs and workplace in such a way as to facilitate achievement of organizational goals and objectives and reduce job stress (Robbins, 1998). 3-2: Research Aims and Objectives: 1 3-2-1: Background Discussion: The fast food industry is growing rapidly in Pakistan. It incorporates mushroom growth of both international and national fast food chains in various parts of the country. This phenomenal growth gained prominence in 1993 and since then it has been unmatched. According to Economic Review (1998), fast food restaurants are penetrating in Pakistan. This upsurge of fast food restaurants is the results of rapidly changing culture of Pakistan and ever high level of globalization which brought western value system to Pakistan. The life style of Pakistani people is becoming busier and busier. This left with very less time for cooking at home. At lunch times, people are using instant or fast foods. Similarly, Pakistanis have now easier access to western food. A large number of national and international fast food chains are opening a number of outlets all over the Pakistan. Initially, these fast food outlets were restricted to large and/or major cities of Pakistan, including federal and provincial capitals yet presently there operations have also been extended to other cities. 2 3-2-2: Research Aims: This section deals with the presentation of dissertation aims and objectives. The main purpose of this research, as envisaged in chapter one of this dissertation, was the analysis of â€Å"the perception of employees about various dynamics of organizational behavior in Fast food industry of Pakistan†. The various dimensions of organizational behavior envisaged for this dissertation research include organizational culture, change dynamics, customer orientation, leadership dynamics, rewards and recognition, job characteristics, fair treatment, training and work environment. For each of these dimensions, research objectives were developed. The achievement of these research objectives would ensure the fulfillment of overall research aim. The research model is presented here under: [pic] Figure 3-1: The Dissertation Model Figure 3-1 gives the theoretical framework for dissertation research. It shows that culture, change, customer orientation, rewards and recognition, supervision and leadership, fair treatment, job characteristics, training and work design are the factors that influence organization behavior. 3 3-2-3: Research Objectives: The overall aim of the dissertation is broken down into various research objectives. The research objectives of this dissertation are linked to nine constructs. The selection of these nine constructs is the result of the review of academic and scholarly literature which was given in the second chapter of this dissertation. This section highlights research objectives along with the various variables which would be used to capture the perception of employees about various organizational dynamics. The research objectives along with extracted variables in diagrammatic form are given here under: Research Objective 1: To explore the employees’ perception of culture of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. [pic] Figure 3-2: Variables of Culture Construct Figure 3-2 gives the operational definition of the Culture construct. These variables would be the subject of inquiry through questionnaire. Research Objective 2: To explore the employees’ perception of change dynamics of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. [pic] Figure 3-3: Variables of Change Construct Figure 3-3 gives the operational definition of the Change construct. These variables would be the subject of inquiry through questionnaire. Research Objective 3: To explore the employees’ perception of customer orientation of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. [pic] Figure 3-4: Variables of Customer Orientation Construct Figure 3-4 gives the operational definition of the Customer Orientation construct. These variables would be the subject of inquiry through questionnaire. Research Objective 4: To explore the employees’ perception of leadership dynamic of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. [pic] Figure 3-5: Variables of Supervision Leadership Construct Figure 3-5 gives the operational definition of the Supervision and Leadership construct. These variables would be the subject of inquiry through questionnaire. Research Objective 5: To explore the employees’ perception of rewards and recognition of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. [pic] Figure 3-6: Variables of Rewards and Recognition Construct Figure 3-6 gives the operational definition of the Rewards and Recognition construct. These variables would be the subject of inquiry through questionnaire. Research Objective 6: To explore the employees’ perception of fair treatment with employees among fast food restaurants of Pakistan [pic] Figure 3-7: Variables of Fair Treatment Construct Figure 3-7 gives the operational definition of the Fair Treatment construct. These variables would be the subject of inquiry through questionnaire. Research Objective 7: To explore the employees’ perception of job characteristics of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. [pic] Figure 3-8: Variables of Job Characteristics Construct Figure 3-8 gives the operational definition of the Job Characteristics construct. These variables would be the subject of inquiry through questionnaire. Research Objective 8: To explore the employees’ perception of training among fast food restaurants of Pakistan. [pic] Figure 3-9: Variables of Training Construct Figure 3-9 gives the operational definition of the Training construct. These variables would be the subject of inquiry through questionnaire. Research Objective 9: To explore the employees’ perception of work environment among fast food restaurants of Pakistan. [pic] Figure 3-10: Variables of Work Environment Construct Figure 3-10 gives the operational definition of the Work environment construct. These variables would be the subject of inquiry through questionnaire. 3-4: Summary: This chapter gave the theoretical framework of the dissertation. This chapter linked the research aims and objectives with each other and also contributed the Dissertation model. Moreover, this chapter further linked each construct with the variables which have been deployed in order to operationalize each construct. The next chapter will give methodology of dissertation. CHAPTER 4: DESIGN, METHODOLOGY AND METHOD(S) OF DISSERTATION RESEARCH In continuation to the previous chapter, which contributed the theoretical framework of the research, the current chapter will deal with the conduct of dissertation research. Major areas covered in the this chapter will be the selection of type of research, selection of population and sample size and sampling procedure, development of data collection instrument and actual conduct of research. 4. 1: Nature of Research Endeavours: In this section, the type of research will be highlighted. As it was suggested in the dissertation proposal, this research not only involves secondary research but also primary research. For secondary research, a detailed literature review was conducted using University’s library resources along with world-wide-web. Specifically, Google scholar and Emerald Insight ® were quite influential in identifying existing literature in the area of organizational behavior and related constructs. It enabled the dissertation candidate to be aware of the relevant domain of body of knowledge. Similarly, the primary research was conducted so as to capture the perceptions of employees about organizational behavior of fast food restaurants. There are number of methods that can be engaged for the conduct of primary research including personal observation, interviewing, field survey, street ethonography, etc. The main method employed for the conduct of primary research was field survey. Primary research is advocated as compared to secondary research because primary research has more relevance to the issue as compared to secondary research. Further to this, the information generated can also be tailored in primary research and also provides direct and hands-on access to the issue. However, it generally entails more time and resources. It also requires specialized skills in designing the actual survey and subsequent analysis of the data. 4. 2: Type of Research: This section would describe the type of research engaged for this dissertation. For this, the typology suggested by Cooper and Schindler (2006) was engaged. They put forth a classification scheme for categorization of variety of research. This classification scheme include variables including data collection strategy, influence of the researchers in varying the research situation, respondents’ viewpoint about the research, points of time on which data was sorted from the respondents, prior crystallization of the research issue. On the basis of above mentioned criteria, the present dissertation is regarded as a descriptive research. This is advocated because of greater extent of crystallization of issue in hand. In primary research, a questionnaire was given to the fast food employee in order to tap their responses. This made this research as a communication sort. Moreover, the questionnaire was administered in the fast food restaurants and no deviation was made in the actual daily routine of the fast food employees. Consequently, the research design is ex post facto. Further to this, it is an inferential research as the insights originating from the survey will be generalized on fast food employees’ population. Moreover, it is a cross sectional research as the data was collected once. A field survey is a method of data collection in which the research goes into the actual place where the respondents, or items from which data is to be collected, are present. Cooper and Schindler (2006) advocated the use of survey for data collection. There are number of reasons for this. For instance, the field surveys are less risky as compared to laboratory experiments and stimulation. It is because the data is collected from actual field setting and is relatively reliable. In addition to this, in field surveys the surveyors reach respondents in their actual routines and own settings. In this situation, the respondents do not find any deviation and the response are highly valid. Further to this, in field surveys the surveyor has less control on the data collection whereas in simulation and laboratory experiments this is more. 4. 3: Reference to Sampling Frame: This section would cover issues related to sampling. Extraction of sample refers to selection of a subset from the survey population. (Dr. Hani, 2010). Heckman (1979) and Emory (1980) advocated selection of such a subset on a number basis. For example, in lot of instances it is virtually impossible or very difficult to access all the members of population. Moreover, it would also be cumbersome to reach all members, attract lot of financial resources and time. On the contrary, selecting a sample would save lot of time and money. Studying a sample would be less cumbersome as compared to studying entire population. However, Heckman (1979) suggested that such sample should have the same attributes as that of population. 4. 4: Population Attributes and Sampling Design: This section would contribute the details about the population attributes. The population of this research encompasses all those people who are working in fast food chain. Fast food restaurants are those food manufacturers and sellers who serve food in last then 20 minutes. No reference has been made to the age, gender or to some other demographic characteristics. The questionnaire employed in this research also collected demographic characteristics of the employees. It would be used for generating secondary insights so as to share the context in which research was carried out. The targeted population was employees of fast food restaurants of Pakistan. A convenience based, snow ball sampling technique was used to approach the sample. Goodman (1961), Frank and Snijders (1994) and Kaplan et al. (1987) advocated the use of snow ball sampling. This refers to a situation in which the desired characteristics of the population are scarce. In addition to getting information from sampling unit about themselves, they are requested to share information about other sampling units so that they can be accessed. Data was collected from three cities of Punjab which are Lahore, Gujranwala and Sialkot. The data collection instrument also collected the designation of the respondents yet during the initial stages of the survey; respondents show that they were not very comfortable with revealing their identity. This is because of the particular nature of the research topic. It was decided not to emphasize on this question. So, the designation related data was taken out of the analysis. However, on a broad spectrum, the employees interviewed for this dissertation include people who were engaged in cooking food, in-house serving staff, delivery-men and counter staff. Majority of these respondents belong to the restaurants in the posh localities. This is because of the fact that these restaurants exist in the form of a cluster in selected cities. 4. 5: Decision on Sample Size: This section will share insights about sample selection. A sample of 100 fast-food retailers was taken for this research. In taking this decision, cost and time considerations were kept in mind. Both of these issues and geographical distance, constrain the selection of a larger sample size. However, the factor loading technique (the main data analysis technique) is not confined to any specific sample size. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sample adequacy is a test that would be engaged to check the appropriateness of sample. Garson (2010) shared insights on deciding about the sample size for factor analysis. The sample size of this dissertation is consistent with his suggestions. 4. 6: Characteristics of Data Collection Instrument: A customized questionnaire was developed for this research. The questionnaire has two parts. First part captures responses of the fast food employees about their perception about organizational behavior. To facilitate the respondents, the questions were grouped on the basis of constructs. Part two of this questionnaire collects information about the demographic profile of the respondents. The questionnaire actually started with salutation and reveals the core aim of the research. It also introduced the dissertation candidate and his academic affiliation. The cover page of the questionnaire also shares the method of responding questionnaire by giving an illustration. The dissertation specifically revealed that the collected information would only be used for academic purpose and results will be disclosed in group. The respondents were thanked in anticipation for their support in accomplishing this research. 4. Pre-Testing the Data Collection Instrument: Before the actual start of the field survey, it was important to ensure that data collection instrument should bear certain characteristics. These include brevity, clarity and focus on the issue. Before the actual launch of survey, 3 q uestionnaires were given to actual respondents and were evaluated for desired characteristics. Certain insights related to use of words, questions sequence and length of questionnaire was adjusted. The questionnaire was improved and launched. The addition of survey filling instruction was an attempt to improve the conduct of the survey. 4. 8: Field Survey and Data Collection – Primary and Secondary Research: At the start of this research, it was envisaged that completion of this dissertation will require both secondary and primary research. Journals, magazine, online databases and library resources were quite influential. So far primary data was concerned; a soft copy of questionnaire was send to the managers of fast food restaurants. The managers of fast food chain were requested to support in accomplishment of dissertation by cooperating in collecting data. The managers were requested to arrange prints of them and share those with employees. The employees filled those questionnaires and retuned them to managers. The managers, on request of dissertation candidate, deputed an employee and get those entered in SPSS and emailed those back to dissertation candidate. As the questionnaires were to be returned to the organizational representative instead of dissertat How to cite Dissertation: Fast Food Restaurants, Essays